3. The ISNAD Citation Style In-Text Format

The ISNAD In-Text Citation Format is created to be compatible with academic studies done in the field of philosophy and religious sciences.
The in-text citation in the ISNAD Style is basically like the following: Author/s, publication year: page number/s.
The bibliography is formatted in the same way as the ISNAD Footnote Citation Format.
In the case of citing two or more works belonging to the same author and published in the same year, the letters alphabetically are added without leaving a space at the end of the publication year: (Koç, 2014a; (Koç, 2014b).
Personal interviews are stated in the text but not in the bibliography: (Mustafa Koç, personal interview, December 2018).
It is essential to reach the primary sources in preparing an academic writing. However, if the primary sources could not have been reached, firstly the original source and then the quoted or narrated one is cited: (Topaloğlu, 2001: 210, Demir, 2014: 50-55). The primary sources are also cited in the bibliography.

Reference Type	In-Text Citation		Parenthetical Citation
Reference Type	First Reference	Subsequent References	First Reference	Subsequent References
Works by a Single Author	… Topaloğlu (2014, 11-15) …	In the same way as the first reference.	… (Topaloğlu, 2014, 11-15).	In the same way as the first reference.
Works by Two Authors	… Topaloğlu and Yavuz (2014, 11) …	In the same way as the first reference.	… (Topaloğlu – Yavuz, 2014, 11).	In the same way as the first reference
Works by More Than Two Authors	… Topaloğlu et al. (2014, 11) …	In the same way as the first reference.	… (Topaloğlu et al., 2014, 11-17).	In the same way as the first reference.
Reports and Studies etc. Belonging to Institutions (Recognizable on Abbreviation)	… The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, 2018, 51-53) …	… NATO (2018, 51-53) …	… (The North Atlantic Treaty Organization [NATO], 2018, 51-53).	… (NATO, 2018, 51-53).
Reports and Studies etc. Belonging to Institutions (With No Abbreviation)	… Ankara University (2005, 23) …	In the same way as the first reference.	… (Ankara University, 2005, 23).	In the same way as the first reference.
Studies with No Author	… As mentioned in another source (Philosophy of Religion, 2018) … Or … As mentioned in Philosophy of Religion (2018, 98) …	In the same way as the first reference.	… (Philosophy of Religion 2018, 98).	In the same way as the first reference.